Hearts Prison Essay Example For Students

What You Need to Know about Athletic Scholarships

For some families, the best way to bear the cost of an advanced degree is for their understudy to get some money related guide. An athletic grant is one way that can help bring down the cost. Here’s what you have to know. How accomplish athletic grants work? Athletic grants are non-ensured, budgetary guide understandings between a competitor and their school. School mentors grant grants to competitors dependent on the coach’s impression of their athletic capacity. Most grants are one-year understandings that must be recharged every year. Grants are either named equivalency, in which mentors give incomplete grants to players, or head tally, where all offers are full grants. Athletic grants are offered at the NCAA D1, D2, NAIA and junior school levels. Schools contending at the NCAA D3 level are not permitted to offer athletic grants yet offer different types of budgetary guide. How school mentors use grants Each mentor and game have various ways for utilizing grants. For instance: All the cash to the top competitors †Some projects offer full or practically full grants to the top competitors and fill the remainder of the list with selected walk-ons. This is famous in baseball, softball, track and swimming where a world class enlist at a particular position or event(s) can contribute a great deal to a team’s achievement. No grants to underclassmen †Many mentors use grants as an award to competitors who’ve been with the group. They decide to offer almost no or no grants to most underclassmen, with the getting that in the event that you remain with the group and are a significant supporter, you will get a grant. Partition grants (nearly) similarly †Some mentors will split grants among a few people, so every individual has something. This is famous in sports or occasions where you keep additional individuals on the program and need a bigger gathering of similarly gifted people. Mentors regularly utilize this procedure to get an enormous enrolling class and give the top entertainers a bigger grant in future years. Underfunded Programs †The NCAA and NAIA limit the quantity of grants a group can offer dependent on division level. Notwithstanding, not all schools can offer the most extreme number of grants because of restricted financing. When attempting to decide whether an offer is â€Å"good,† you will need to inquire as to whether the school is completely subsidized. How would you get a full-ride grant? Full grants are the special case and not the standard. In the event that you play a headcount sport (football, men’s and women’s b-ball, women’s tennis, volleyball or tumbling) at the D1 level, any grant offers you get will be for a full-ride. Getting a full-ride outside of headcount sports requires the accompanying: Fill a basic job in the group †Not all positions or occasions are made equivalent. For instance, in baseball, pitchers will get a lot bigger grant offers than an outfielder. Runners get bigger proposals in track field than long jumpers. Have various schools offering a grant †Scholarships are a restricted and mentors need to extend them to handle the most ideal group. The main influence you have with a mentor is to have different offers. Having numerous schools with certifiable intrigue will guarantee each school is amplifying their proposal to you. Descend a division level †If you find that you aren’t getting the money related guide bundle you need at one division level, reaching schools at a lower division may prompt a superior offer. A lower-level D1 ability will normally be a superior select at a D2 school. Athletic Scholarships versus Scholastic Scholarships For some, the intrigue of athletic grants is that they will counterbalance someâ€or allâ€college costs. In all actuality, more cash is accessible through scholastic grants, and your best monetary guide bundle is join athletic and scholarly offers. Progressively: A parent’s manual for making a superior school budgetary bundle Here are the realities in the event that you are wanting to join scholastic and athletic grants. You need a base GPA to consolidate athletic and scholastic cash †The NCAA requires you have a base GPA/test scores to have the option to acknowledge scholarly cash as an understudy competitor. You need one of the accompanying, at least a 3.5 GPA, 25+ on the ACT or 1200 on the SAT. Without this base, your scholastic cash will be meant something negative for the athletic grant dollars of the program. On the off chance that you meet the essentials, mentors can give you scholarly cash rather than or along with athletic cash. Getting a scholastic grant instead of an athletic grant †In a situation where a mentor thinks you merit a 20 percent grant, on the off chance that they can get you that cash through scholastics rather than sports, they will do that. Numerous families feel â€Å"I ought to get the athletic AND scholarly money,† yet that isn't the way it works for most mentors. Scholastic grants remain with you †Athletes are a physical issue or terrible season away from conceivably losing their athletic grants. Scholastic grants are an increasingly secure type of money related guide. On the off chance that cash is the most significant factor to your family, you will need to gain that guide through your evaluations.

How Much Do Psychologists Make

How Much Do Psychologists Make Student Resources Careers Print How Much Do Psychologists Make? If youre considering this career field, here are some employment statistics By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Updated on September 17, 2019 Zinkevych / Getty Images More in Student Resources Careers APA Style and Writing Study Guides and Tips If youre considering a career in psychology, you may be wondering how much money psychologists earn each year and what the work hours are like. Salaries and schedules in this field vary widely depending upon educational level, specialty area, and years of experience. Some individuals working in the field of psychology earn around $30,000 a year, while others earn six-figure salaries. Psychologists who work in schools or the government usually have full-time schedules during normal business hours, Monday through Friday. Those who work in hospitals or other healthcare facilities may have evening and weekend hours. And psychologists in private practice typically have the option to set their own hours. The following are some of the median annual salaries for different psychology jobs as of 2018, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Salaries for Various Psychology Jobs Career and school counselor: $56,310 Clinical Psychologist: $76,990 Counselor: $47,600 Developmental Psychologist: $56,500 Engineering Psychologist: $79,818 Experimental Psychologist: $56,500 Forensic Psychologist: $59,440 Health Psychologist: $40,000 (entry-level) to $85,000 (advanced-level) Industrial-Organizational Psychologist: $109,030 Psychiatrist: $216,090 Mental health counselors and marriage and family therapists:  $50,090 Neuropsychologist: $79,570 School Counselor: $56,310 School Psychologist: $78,970 Social Worker: $49,470 Sports Psychologist: $54,000 Substance abuse and behavioral disorder counselors: $44,160 Earnings and Salaries in Different Settings While wages vary considerably based on specialty area and employment sector, you can learn more about salary averages from information provided in the Occupational Outlook Handbook. These estimates reflect averages across the entire U.S., so there will be considerable variation within each specialty area and geographic region. While salary should never be your only consideration when choosing a career, looking at pay estimates can give you a better idea of what you might expect to find in different professions. Also, be sure to note that years of experience also play a critical role in determining yearly salaries. New graduates just entering the field may expect to encounter lower starting salaries while more experienced professionals may be able to command much higher salaries. Salaries for Clinical, Counseling, and School Psychologists The areas of clinical, counseling and school psychology represent three of the largest employment areas within psychology. Professionals who work in these parts of the field diagnose and treat behavioral and emotional problems, learning disabilities, and mental disorders using individual, group, and family therapies. They may also design and implement programs that help with behavioral issues in children. As of May 2018, the median annual salary for clinical, counseling, and school psychologists was $85,340 per year, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. The lowest 10 percent of workers earned less than $44,040,  and the highest 10 percent earned more than $129,310. Salaries can vary depending upon many factors including the specific industry in which a psychologist is employed. The Occupational Outlook Handbook reports the following median annual earnings for clinical, counseling and school psychologists employed in the different industries in 2018: Outpatient care centers - $93,620Individual and family services - $85,810Elementary and secondary schools - $78,970Offices of other health practitioners - $96,930Psychiatric and substance abuse hospitals -  $85,870Other specialty hospitals - $93,730Educational support services - $74,250Offices of physicians - $94,320Offices of other health care practitioners - $96,930Management of companies and enterprises - $95,190 Salaries for Industrial-Organizational Psychologists Industrial-organizational psychology is a specialty area, with an expected 13 percent increase in jobs through the year 2028. While job growth is expected in this industry, it is important to note that this is a relatively small profession and the U.S. Department of Labor suggests that this number actually translates to an increase in approximately 200 jobs over the next decade. Industrial-organizational psychologists apply the principles of psychology to problems in administration, human resources, management, marketing, and sales. They may work on policies; help with employee selection, training, and development; and optimize work settings to improve employee productivity. As of May 2018, the mean annual earnings of industrial-organizational psychologists were $109,030  with a median annual wage of $97,260.

The Field Of Sport Management - 1217 Words

Comparatively, the field of sport management is a rather new academic discipline (Chalip, 2006), which has faced some challenges in terms of justifying its prominence in the academic world. Nonetheless, Chalip (2006) believes it was an unavoidable course for the evolution of sport management. Mullin (1980) defined the sport manager as follows: ‘A person whose job entails planning, organising, staffing, directing and controlling to be performed within the context of an organisation whose primary product or service is sport, or sport related’ (p3). The term management has been defined in many different ways through research as it continues to evolve across various industries. Although, Donnelly, Gibson and Ivancevich (1992) described it as†¦show more content†¦As a result, the professional and elite levels have also grown substantially these last three or four decades (Vanderzwaag, 1998). Areas such as recreational sporting programs, corporate-sponsored events, sporting news media and sporting goods have been established within the professional realm of sport as well. It is evident that as the sport industry grew and evolved, it progressively took on the business attributes of other industries (Masteralexis, Barr Hums, 2014). Despite similar business industry characteristics, the sport industry has a unique management, business and legal practice, unique to all other industries. Furthermore, what makes this industry so unique is the organisational structures that are in place in order to manage, govern and organise sport. Masteralexis et. al (2014) identified three main management structures of sport; clubs, leagues and tournaments which are used to manage and organise sport. These management systems encompass a range of amateur and professional organisations that may apply variations to these structures for the purpose of producing a sporting event. For instance, American college sports such as basketball, baseball, track and field, are structured under the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) as an amateur governing body, but are televised across the United States and structured

Critiquing A Qualitative And Quantitative Study - 912 Words

Critiquing of a Qualitative and Quantitative Study The purpose of this paper will be to present the contrasts in the type of information that was gained while reviewing two studies. The studies reviewed were a qualitative study and a quantitative study. The general advantages and disadvantages of the two types of studies will also be presented. Qualitative and quantitative studies both have a place in research, even though the two study designs take a very different approach to research. Lastly, a response will be given in support of the qualitative research being beneficial to the world of science. Contrasts in Qualitative versus Quantitative Research The qualitative study by Madigan, Fleming, McCann, Wright, and MacAuley (2007), explored the general practitioner’s (GPs) knowledge, attitudes, and skills related to enteral feeding in the community. A qualitative study is subjective and focuses on describing a problem or a condition from the point of view of those who have experienced the problem or issue (Pilot Beck, 2012). The information in the study was more in-depth, less generalizable while using a smaller sample size. The sample size is based on informational needs. When saturation has been achieved, there are no more occurring themes and redundancy is present, the researchers can stop looking for participants. Semi-structured one-on-one interviews were the method of choice when conducting this study. Open-ended questions were used during the interviewShow MoreRelatedCritiquing Quantitative, Qualitative, Or Mixed Methods1135 Words   |  5 Pages Critiquing Quantitative, Qualitative, or Mixed Methods Studies Paper Quantitative and qualitative research studies are both significant in nursing. In this paper, I will be critiquing two articles using both approaches. 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The articles that were chosen for us to critique are The Effects Of Crossed Leg On Blood Pressure Measurement, which is the quantitative study and The Experience Of Patients Undergoing Awake CraniotomyRead MoreCritiquing Qualitative and Quantitative Research1465 Words   |  6 PagesUnit 6: Critiquing Qualitative and Quantitative Research Kaplan University July 16, 2013 Unit 6 Critiquing Qualitative and Quantitative Research The research conducted by Foster-Fitzpatrick, Ortiz, Sibilano, Marcantonio and Braun (1999) is a quantitative study of the significance of crossing the legs while blood pressure is being measured. The purpose of the research was to determine whether leg-crossing impacted the results of blood pressure measurements. The research conducted by Palese, SkrapRead MoreDeveloping a framework for critiquing health research5723 Words   |  23 Pages(FE), Senior Lecturer in Health Studies, School of Health and Social Sciences, Middlesex University Abstract A new framework for critiquing health-related research is presented in this article. More commonly used existing frameworks tend to have been formulated within the quantitative research paradigm. While frameworks for critiquing qualitative research exist, they are often complex and more suited to the needs of students engaged in advanced levels of study. The framework presented inRead MoreThe Situation, Background, Assessment And Recommendation ( Sbar ) Model For Communication Between Health Care Professionals820 Words   |  4 Pages This writer has chosen for critique of quantitative article on â€Å"The Situation, Background, Assessment and Recommendation (SBAR) Model for Communication Between Health Care Professionals: A Clinical Intervention Pilot Study â€Å" by Blom, Petersson, Hagell, Westergren, 2015. Critiquing is a systematic method of Michael Coughlan, Patricia Cronin, Frances Ryan appraising the strengths and limitations of a piece of research in order to determine its credibility and/or its applicability to practiceRead MoreA Research Study On Sedation Management799 Words   |  4 Pagesof both quantitative and qualitative research offer valuable information to the health sciences. There are circumstances when certainty is necessary, and a quantitative design is needed. In contrast, there are times when an understanding of the quality of a particular social interaction is needed. The paper will apply a quantitative and a qualitative research article to the topic of sedation management to help validate meaning gleaned from two different research designs. Quantitative Design Read MoreResearch Critique3346 Words   |  14 Pagesthat all research is critically examined in order to assess quality and applicability (Playle 2000). Furthermore, Adams (1999) also states that by critiquing a piece of research, you can look objectively at the evidence and determine what it means, and whether it is relevant to your area of practice. Caldwell, Henshaw and Taylor (2011) define critiquing as the ability to critically appraise a published piece of research by identifying its strengths and weaknesses and by forming judgements concerningRead MoreThe Learning Goals For A Professional Nurse987 Words   |  4 Pagesof research studies. Individuals attempting to research a problem and those reading and studying the research data must be able to determine the primary goal of the study to determine its relevance to the situation. Module four will provide the needed insight in the quest for achieving this learning goal. The second learning goal for this course centers on the subjects of qualitative and quantitative research. According to the Qualitative Research Consultants Association, qualitative research isRead MoreAnalyzing Different Approaches Of Sampling885 Words   |  4 Pagesof selecting a portion of the population that is being studied to represent the attributes of the entire populations ( Polit Beck, 2014). The different strategies of sampling includes: 1. Probability sampling is typically used in quantitative research studies (Polit Beck, 2014). It involves a specific analytical process that requires the random selection of attributes from a population that is being studied, which establishes that there is an equal likelihood of each attribute in the population(PolitRead MoreExamining Evidence Based Practice For Patients With Chest Pain899 Words   |  4 PagesFineout-Overholt, 2011). It is the standard of practice for nurses to be able to use research skills for evidence-based knowledge that are relevant to their clinical practice. The purpose of this paper is to outline and compare the selected articles on how the study findings related to patients with chest pain, to determine the validity and reliability of the selected articles, and to formulate a plan for implementing the newly acquired knowledge into clinical practice. Selected Articles to the Phenomenon of Interest

Does Hume Underestimate Reason Essay Research Paper free essay sample

Does Hume Underestimate Reason Essay, Research Paper Does Hume undervalue the importance of ground in moral thought? ground is, and ought merely to be the slave of the passions. Hume # 8217 ; s moral theory arises out of his belief that ground entirely can neer do action. Action is caused by desires or feelings and as ground entirely can neer do action, morality is rooted in our feelings. It is necessary, hence, to look at exactly what arguments he presents in favor of his position of ground with respect to moral thought, whilst besides analyzing the thought that if ground is non the exclusive supreme authority of moral thought, so what is? Ethical motives arouses a great trade of involvement in about all domains of life ; from make up ones minding whether two fourteen-year-old male childs are blameworthy for killing a kid, to make up ones minding whether human cloning should be allowed, to make up ones minding whether or non to manus in a billfold that was found on the street. Furthermore, it is a cosmopolitan construct, found in some signifier or another in every civilization, subculture, and even counterculture ( some suggest a codification in which there is honour among stealers ) . Furthermore, it is a extremely controversial topic, and its theoretical intervention is historic. In some moral systems, for illustration rationalism, reasoned action is thought to be the prototype of moral behaviour, if morality is non to go strictly subjective. Hume argues the reverse. However, before Hume s point of view, that morality can non be found entirely through ground, can be examined, it might be prudent to look at his thoughts about ethical motives With respect to morality, Hume was most concerned with people s actions, since he believed that their actions causally followed from their sentiments and desires. In this manner, ground is incapable of actuating an action. Rather, Hume would state that it is our sentiment that finally drives our actions. Harmonizing to Hume, ground can non fuel an action and hence can non actuate it. In order to turn out this against the thought of rationalism, Hume suggests foremost, that those who suggest that morality conforms to ground, and certain unchanging dealingss between things, are in bend proposing that morality can be traced back simply to thoughts and their dealingss. Therefore, Hume argues that rationalists suggest that ground entirely enables us to do moral differentiations. Furthermore, Hume so goes on to do a figure of statements proposing that ground entirely is non equal to do moral judgements. It may be prudent, hence to briefly summarize these arguments.. First, Hume argues that moral differentiations straight act upon our behavior, since they straight arouse our passions and do us move. Second, Hume argues that our passions, desires and actions are non representative of anything else ; they are compleat in themselves, and as such, they can non be either true or false. Further, ground is ever and concerned with detecting what is true and what is false, and so can non do any actions, which as we have seen, can hold no truth value. A farther statement is that although some actions may be unreasonable in that they contradict old actions and may be regarded as immoral, this is non because actions are caused by an immoral module of ground but simply by an mistake of fact ; the sentiments make up ones mind a end, and ground decides the agencies to that end. In this instance, the ground is faulty but non immoral. Similarly, Hume reproaches the positivists on the evidences that the relation between the larceny of an apple and of a auto to the ir several proprietors is the same, and as such rationalism does non acknowledge of grades. Still farther, Hume argues that all viing moral theories move from is to ought by tax write-off, and yet, he argues, it is a wholly different relation. However, there is one more statement, which may necessitate a more elaborate scrutiny. In this statement, Hume makes a figure of claims, yet one of the most of import is that virtuousness and frailty can non be found in the topic, but begins as a feeling by an outside perceiver. In this manner, when an act of slaying is committed, so all that can be seen objectively, is the liquidator s wills, passions and such. However, it is barbarous because of the feelings that it compels inside ourselves and the liquidator. Furthermore, the same dealingss occur between a spider which kills its mate as a married woman who kills her hubby, yet the former is impersonal, the latter is incorrect. Rationalism, can non get away this, Hume argues. On the other manus, this is all to take Hume at his word, and this would non be in the philosophical tradition. First, against Hume s claim that the larceny of an apple and the larceny of a auto are the same relation, I would reason that they do have the same relation to their proprietors every bit far as ownership is concerned, and yet they do non every bit far as value is concerned. Each proprietor may set a value on their ownerships such that a individual might make up ones mind that they will acquire so much public-service corporation from eating an apple and so much from being able to go wherever that individual wants. This thought of public-service corporation is a rational process, and so we can ground that the larceny of a auto is more serious because the stealer is stealing more public-service corporation from the proprietor. Furthermore, although is and ought are different dealingss, they are logically related. However, the precise position of morality does change that rela tion, for illustration to take utilitarianism, so if it produces most public-service corporation for me to be the Prime Minister, so I ought to be Prime Minister. However, utilitarianism has its ain jobs with respect to morality, as it may be prudent merely to state that Hume s statement may be faulty, and advancement to a more of import expostulation. Hume s statements depend on the thoughts that ground trades simply with the ascription of truth-values. However, it could be suggested that ground is more powerful than that, and can give opinion on that which does non hold a truth value. For exampl vitamin E, it is a sensible determination on a peculiar juncture to take to read a book instead than travel to kip, due to weighing up the pros and cons of such an action. Furthermore if a hapless adult male decides to steal a loaf of staff of life from a fellow hapless adult male, it is because he has decided that the benefits to himself are more of import than the moral determination. However, each of these statements has reverberations for Hume s moral strategy, so it may be prudent to look at this soon Hume thinks that moral differentiations can non be based on ground to detect what is right, incorrect, good and bad. He says that ground would be able to make this in two ways: By detecting abstract dealingss between actions and state of affairss ( resemblance, contrariety, grades in quality and proportions in measure or figure ) or by detecting a fact about an agent # 8217 ; s character that makes their act virtuous or barbarous. In the first instance, Hume says that if moral differentiations were based on dealingss discovered by ground, so non-reasoning and even inanimate objects would be capable of frailty and virtuousness. For case, it is morally incorrect for a boy to slay his male parent. However, # 8220 ; allow us chuse any inanimate object, such as an oak or elm ; and allow us say, that by the dropping of its seed, it produces a sapling below it, which jumping up by grades, at last overtops and destroys the parent tree # 8221 ; . The dealingss involved in the sapling killi ng the parent tree and the boy killing his male parent are the same. If dealingss entirely were what constituted right and incorrect, so the sapling would be guilty of slaying, even if you said that it had no pick as the dealingss would be the same. The 2nd manner in which ground could detect right and incorrect, by detecting a fact in an agent # 8217 ; s character that makes their act virtuous or barbarous, is besides non possible harmonizing to Hume as facts in the head of a individual are merely barbarous if the ideas are implemented. If you merely look at an agent, the frailty will wholly get away you. # 8220 ; You neer can happen it, till you turn your reflection into your ain chest, and happen a sentiment of condemnation, which arises in you, towards this action. # 8221 ; . The concluding of import statement that Hume degrees against those that see ground entirely every bit able to actuate is his # 8216 ; is and ought # 8217 ; statement. On the positivist system, virtuous ness and frailty are discovered by ground entirely through facts or dealingss. Whereas with the conjectural jussive mood it is comparatively simple to see why person acts, as they act in order to accomplish some end ( i.e.. if you want ten so you ought to make y ) , it does non follow from a fact ( # 8217 ; is # 8217 ; statement ) that you ought to prosecute a certain class of action. As Hare points out # 8220 ; No imperative decision can be validly drawn from a set of premises which does non incorporate at least one imperative # 8230 ; In this logical regulation # 8230 ; is to be found the footing of Hume # 8217 ; s celebrated observation on the impossibleness of infering an # 8216 ; ought # 8217 ; -proposition from a series of # 8216 ; is # 8217 ; -propositions. # 8221 ; ( R.M. Hare # 8216 ; The Language of Morals # 8217 ; ) . This leads us to the inquiry of what, in fact morality is composed, Hume concludes that if we do non separate frailty and virtuousness by ground, so it must be through the sentiments or feelings. As we have seen for wilful slaying, an scrutiny of the existent act will non bring forth thoughts of frailty or virtuousness in itself. In fact virtuousness is distinguish vitamin D by the pleasance, and frailty by the hurting, that any action, sentiment or character gives us by the mere position and contemplation. However, if an icy enchantment causes a H2O chief to split in my house, this causes me the hurting of replacing the H2O damaged goods, and the uncomfortableness from holding a water-logged house, and yet, there is no frailty to be found. Hume avoids this job by stating that there are different sorts of pleasance and hurting, and that moral approbation or condemnation is a really peculiar feeling. It is therefore merely those which give us this particular feeling that are morally charged. This besides allows Hume the luxury of denying hurting cause d by animate beings or workss since these do non arouse the particular feeling. However, if we see person blindfold a adult male, take him into a room and shoot him, so we do experience this condemnation. However, there are jobs with this theory. First leting moral approbation to depend on a particular feeling assumes that it is possible for us to recognize this feeling. Furthermore, for at that place non to be every bit many different histories of morality as there are people, we must besides let that everyone feels the same feelings of approbation, in a given circumstance. This, nevertheless, would non look to instance. Although, Hume allows for the fact that some people may be swayed by their intimacy to a state of affairs, and that to truly experience approbation, they must take themselves from subjectiveness, and let themselves to be wholly impartial, this does non explicate immense differences after this has been taken into consideration. For illustration on balance, most people would hold that harlotry raises feelings of a peculiar sort ( i.e. our particular feeling ) . Yet these feelings are non every bit strong as those against a multiple liquidator of adult females. However, Peter Sutcliffe, watching a cocotte slaye r would experience approbation for the slayer, as he believed that harlotry was worse than slaying. Therefore, Peter Sutcliffe s peculiar feeling occurs otherwise to my peculiar feeling, and in this sense we must hold differing moral sentiments. In decision, Hume does win in turn outing that ground is non entirely of import with respect to morality. Yet this was non wholly his intent. Hume intended to demo that ground could non actuate actions at all, and in bend, had no clasp on morality. In this country, he would look to hold failed. It remains so, that although Hume is right in his averment that morality is non concerned entirely with ground, he fails in his ultimate purpose due to one fact. Hume does so undervalue the importance

Wal-Mart Case free essay sample

What are some of Wal-Mart’s FSAs? To what extent are these FSAs location-bound or internationally transferable? Some of the FSAs of Wal-Mart are its ‘every day low price’ (EDLP) philosophy and its so-called ‘exceptional service’. The EDLP and the service seem to be internationally transferable FSAs, because they can be copied to other countries. The EDLP is based on efficient distribution systems, very innovative technology, low prices negotiated with suppliers and efficient processes with suppliers. Those strategies are developed in the USA and can be transferred across borders. Just like the ‘exceptional service’, which includes smiling at customers, assisting them and exceeding their expectations, which are a set of rules for the employees, does not seem to give any problems when they are transferred across borders. But although those FSAs can be transferred to other countries, they are not working in Germany, due to cultural differences. So therefore the FSAs are location-bound, because they are efficient in the culture of the USA but not in the culture of Germany. We will write a custom essay sample on Wal-Mart Case or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The FSAs are location-bound when they cannot be implemented in the local culture of the host country. 2. What distance components (relative to the US) do American retailers face in Germany? Give examples. How did these distance components affect the exploitation of Wal-Mart’s FSAs transferred to Germany? American retailers in Germany cannot only rely on their suppliers in the US, some products need to be sourced locally. For instance, vegetables and local products need to be bought from local suppliers, because vegetables need to be fresh, they do not improve in quality when they are transported from the USA, and local products are not produced in the USA, like Bratwurst, so they have to be bought locally. Also Wal-Mart had to source locally or regionally for some of its products offering, but because of this and the small size of Wal-Mart Germany and its inability to expand rapidly made it impossible to reduce costs so as to provide everyday low prices. Due to the small size of its German operations, Wal-Mart could not gain power over suppliers when purchasing German or other European products. So, a number of suppliers did not comply with the requests of Wal-Mart. Wal-Mart wanted to be successful with its ‘every day low price’ philosophy in Germany, but it did not work out the way they wanted it to. The loss-leader strategy of Wal-Mart, a pricing strategy in which one item is sold below cost in order to stimulate other, profitable sales, was judged illegal. Therefore Wal-Mart faced great difficulties by transferring their low-cost FSA to Germany. 3. Did Wal-Mart overestimate the transferability of its FSAs? Yes, we think that Wal-Mart overestimated the transferability of its FSAs. The case study makes clear that Wal-Mart assumed that its culture (i. e. its EDLP and its ‘exceptional service’) could be transferred to Germany without problems, but this was not the case. The low prices of Wal-Mart could not be transferred to Germany, because of several different reasons. Germany’s fair trading and antitrust laws made it impossible for Wal-Mart to use its loss-leader strategy and they made Wal-Mart raise its prices. More of Germany’s regulations caused problems for Wal-Mart’s expansion in Germany and high prices were the consequence of this. Wal-Mart’s ‘exceptional service’ also did not work in Germany. The case study explains that Wal-Mart’s services like smiling at each customer and grocery bagging were not appreciated by the Germans, so this FSA was not transferable as well. Wal-Mart could have known that these problems would appear by doing research in advance, but it did not do that and this shows that it overestimated its FSAs. 4. Can you provide an update on Wal-Mart’s international expansion, using materials available on the Web? Wal-Mart currently operates in 15 countries: Argentina, China, Honduras, Nicaragua, Brazil, Costa Rica, India, the UK, Canada, El Salvador, Mexico, Japan, Chile, Guatemala and of course the US 1. After Wal-Mart’s failure in Germany and South Korea, it started focusing on Asia and Latin America. However it can expect to experience similar challenges in its new countries like it experienced in China, India and of course in Germany and South Korea. The regulations of these countries formed a problem for Wal-Mart, but Wal-Mart states that it has learnt a lesson from its failures in Germany and South Korea 2. It has developed a new way of thinking. It does not simply copy its US stores and plant it in another country anymore, but it focuses on the local circumstances 3. Wal-Mart’s new strategy apparently works, because it was the world’s largest retailer in 2010 4.